The tin whisker phenomenon is a failure mode associated with a number of plated low-melting-point elements (tin, cadmium, and indium) used to promote good soldering. Recognized many years ago, the ...

According to research conducted by Cocoon, the US Department of Defense spends upwards of $20 billion on corrosion maintenance annually. Electrical connectors are not immune to the effects of ...

Fastener coatings or finishes improve appearance, increase corrosion resistance, and provide lubricity. Electrodeposited coatings: Zinc, cadmium, tin, nickel, and chromium coatings are most common for ...

In the field of naval aviation, safeguarding the integrity of aircraft is paramount to ensuring the operational safety and capability of a fleet. A perpetual concern in this regard is corrosion, which ...

In 1817, German chemist Friedrich Strohmeyer discovered cadmium from an impurity of zinc carbonate (ZnCO 3). Cadmium derives from the Latin term ‘cadmia’ and the Greek word ‘kadmeia’, which are ...

Fig. 1. SEM images: Left�Bright tin virtually featureless submicron grains; center�matte tin “A” small grained 1 to 2 �m (less desirable); right�matte tin “B” large grained, >6 �m (preferred ...